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shangban qiye
商办企业
中国19世纪60年代后半期出现的、完全由私人出资
创办、雇佣工人、使用机器生产的中小型企业。
鸦片战争后，在外国航运业不断入侵的情况下，到
60年代中期，上海已出现机器修配工场。上海的发昌机
器厂就是在1866年（同治五年）后雇佣工人、学徒，添
置简单车床，从修配作坊逐步发展成为能自造小车床的
一家商办企业。有人认为它是中国最早使......
During the Central Soviet Area fifth struggle against the “encirclement campaign”, an anti-Chiang Kai-shek movement broke out in Fujian. The Chinese Communist Party’s attitude toward this momentous event was very complicated, and its public declarations were very different from its real activities. It would be fair to say that after the outbreak......
( Originally Published 1910 )
(24 Emperors, 2 Usurpers
Liu-pang Founds Illustrious Dynasty, restoration of the Books, Female Reign, the Three Religions evival of Letters, ze-ma Ts'ien, the Herodotus of China, conquests of the Hans
THE burning of the books and the slaughter of the scholars had filled the public mind with horror. The oppressions o......
The establishment of provincial councils in the late Qing marked a turn from the autocratic rule of provincial governors and governors-general who consulted only their personal staff and friends to a modern administrative collegiate system of decision-making in provincial administration. In the early period of the provincial councils established du......
Hafo Yanjing Xueshe
哈佛燕京学社
美国哈佛大学和中国燕京大学联合组成的以研究中
国文化为宗旨的学术机构。创始于1928年，经费来源于
美国科学家霍尔(1863～1914)死后捐赠的一笔巨款。主
管机构为托事部，哈佛、燕大各派三人参加，并聘请外
校代表三人，总揽全社的大政方针。学社总部设在哈佛
大学,负责开办东亚语文系。除本科生外,兼收硕士、博
士研究生，毕业前可资送......
1949年底，中华人民共和国政务院曾将8月15日作为抗战胜利...
CISH’s XXIInd CONGRESS
XXIIème Congrès du CISH
JINAN (23-29 August /23-29 août 2015)
Draft Programme/Programme provisoire
General Time Schedule/Calendrier général
- Sunday 23 August: Opening session; 1st CISH’s General Assembly
Dimanche 23 août : séance d’ouverture ......
After World War Two, Tibet became an essential part of USA Asian strategy. On the eve of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Central Intelligence Agency secretly dispatched its agents to Tibet, in an attempt to urge separatist forces in Tibet to establish close ties with the US. However, the US government has consistently denied its......
The Policy of “never downgrading to a subordinate country that has no diplomatic powe” (NDSCNDP) around the Opium War is the fundamental principle for the Qing Court to deal with foreign affairs, and also the formal reason for refusing to contact other countries. However, after the two times of Opium War, not only did the imperial envoys such as ......
Comparative studies between China and foreign countries constitute an important avenue of learning and a vital source of thinking reformation for Chinese scholars. However, a lot forced analogies and far-fetched comparisons were made in the process. Chen Yinke's lengthy comment in his letter to Liu Wendian on the examination papers of written C......